Somaliland is an unrecognized nation in the Horn of Africa, despite being recognized internationally as a de jure nation. Its neighbours are Djibouti to the northwest, Somalia to the east, and Ethiopi

This paper aims to understand the socio-economic status and living conditions of rural widows in Parila Union, Paba Upazila, Rajshahi District, Bangladesh focusing on their socio-cultural deprivation,